Surah Al-Kahf is the 18th chapter of the Quran in juz (para) 15 and 16. It has 110 verses, divided into 12 ruku'. The title of the verse translates to "The Cave" in English. Surah Kahf is a Meccan Surah. Surah Al-Kahf was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as an answer to the questions the Mushrikins and Jews of Makkah asked the Prophet to test Him and his knowledge of the hidden and unseen as these questions were about the history of Jews and Christians and not recorded in Hijaz. The questions were as follows:
Through Surah Al-Kahf, Allah (سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى) provided a thorough and detailed answer to the questions of the Mushrikin and also revealed the story of the Companions of the Cave to their disadvantage.
١٨ - ٱلْكَهْف
18 - Al-Kahf (ES)
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In Surah Al-Kahf, Allah tells the Mushrikin that the Companions of the Cave also believed in the concept of Tawhid (Oneness of Allah), which is the message of the Quran. The Surah explained that the circumstances of the companions of the Cave were similar to the conditions of the oppressed Muslims of Makkah. Moreover, the persecutors of the Companions of the Cave behaved similarly to the Quraysh behaved toward Muslims at the time.
In the next section, the Surah talked about Khizr and Moses. Through the tale of their journey, Allah answered the queries of the Mushrikin and provided relief to the believers. It taught the believers to keep their faith in Allah as the reality of things is hidden from mankind. Sometimes, what a man thinks is good for him may not be in his favor at all. So, even if something is going against the believer, in the end, it may lead to good results.
Next, Al-Kahf talks about Zul Qaranin, a great ruler and conqueror who always put his faith in Allah and surrendered entirely to Him. Although he had a wall to protect him against his enemies, he still believed he could only be protected through the wall by the will of Allah alone.
The major themes in Surah Al Kahf are as follows:
The 3 stories of trials narrate 3 unique lessons to the believers in Surah Al-Kahf. Overall, the theme of this Surah teaches us that Allah puts a believer's faith to the test. However, if the believer is steadfast in their faith and holds closely to it, Allah helps his creation in more ways than they can imagine. Surah Kahf also teaches Muslims that their wealth is a test from Allah. Allah tests those whom He grants wealth to for their gratefulness to Him. It also teaches believers that all worldly materials in this life are temporary. So, one should focus on their relationship with Allah rather than dwelling on worldly materials.
Surah Kahf also serves as a reminder that skills such as knowledge should not turn a person arrogant or proud. Rather, the person should maintain humility, and those who have power or authority, it is also through Allah. So, they should use their power to do good rather than evil.
Recitation of Surah Al-Kahf has the following benefits:
Abu Darda reported Allah's Messenger (п·є) saying:
"If anyone learns by heart the first ten verses of the Surah al-Kahf, he will be protected from the Dajjal (antichrist)" Sunan Abi Dawud 4323
Al-Bara' reported that a person was reciting Surat al-Kahf, and there was a horse tied with two ropes at his side; a cloud overshadowed him, and as it began to come nearer and nearer, his horse began to take fright from it. He went and mentioned that to the Prophet (п·є) in the morning, and he (the Holy Prophet) said:
"That was tranquillity which came down at the recitation of the Qur'an." – Sahih Muslim 795a
AbЕ« Sa'id reported the Prophet as saying, "If anyone recites sЕ«ra al-Kahf (Qur'ДЃn, 18) on Friday, light will shine brightly for him till the next Friday." – Mishkat-al-Masabih 2175