Umrah Guide, Rituals & Procedure

Umrah is an Arabic word (عُمْرَة), which can be translated as “visit to a populated place.” It is also translated sometimes as “visit to a particular place.” In Islamic doctrine, Umrah is a pilgrimage to Masjid Al-Haram in the holy city of Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Umrah is one of the most popular and widely performed acts of worship amongst Muslims, although not a part of the five basic elements of Islam: Faith (Tawheed), Prayers (Salah), Fasting (Sawm), Alms (Zakat), and Pilgrimage (Hajj). Muslims worldwide travel to the holy city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, to perform this shorter Hajj. Performing Umrah is not a compulsion; rather, it is an optional kind of worship for every adult Muslim, man or woman. However, it is widely performed by the Muslims, being an act of following the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. Umrah is often mentioned in the Quran alongside Hajj, such as the 158th verse of Surah Al-Baqarah:

Translation - Indeed, ˹the hills of˺ Ṣafa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes the major or minor pilgrimage to the ˹Sacred˺ House, let them walk between ˹the two hills˺. And whoever does good willingly, Allah is truly Appreciative, All-Knowing.

Here, Umrah is referred to as the shorter form of Hajj. This verse also explains how to perform Umrah. Similarly, we can find many Hadiths about Umrah, such as Hadith number 1773 of Sahih Al-Bukhari:

Translation - Narrated Abu Huraira: Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "(The performance of) `Umra is an expiation for the sins committed (between it and the previous one). And the reward of Hajj Mabrur (the one accepted by Allah) is nothing except Paradise."

Here again, Umrah is mentioned with Hajj. So, that makes it almost as important as Hajj, one of the five pillars of Islam. This guide will take you through the procedures and rituals required to perform Umrah in easily understandable steps. Click on the cards below access detailed information about that topic. Additionally, scroll down to read more information about Umrah. 

Types of Umrah

Umrah is of two types, one performed alongside Hajj and the other performed out of the Hajj days. In Islamic traditions, these are referred to as:

  1. Umrah Al-Tamattu – This type of Umrah is linked with the Hajj. It is performed first after reaching the House of Allah (Khana Ka’aba), followed by the main rituals of Hajj.
  2. Umrah Al-Mufradah – This type of Umrah is performed singly, out of the Hajj days, at any time during the rest of the Islamic year.

Historical Background of Umrah

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ migrated from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE with his followers and companions. By 628 CE, the tension was high between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh tribe of Mecca, whereas Muslims wanted to perform the pilgrimage of the house of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى. So, the Prophet, along with more than 1000 of his followers, decided to go to Mecca for the performance of Umrah. The Qurayshites thought that Muslims were planning to attack Mecca.

The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ sent a representative to them, telling them that he only wanted to perform pilgrimage with his companions. However, they did not allow Muslims to enter Mecca and stopped them at a place known as Hudaybiyya. The Quraysh of Mecca insisted that Muslims should go back this time. The Prophet decided not to enter Mecca by force and relied on the negotiations. Resultantly the historic “Treaty of Hudaybiyya” took place. According to this treaty, Muslims were allowed to perform pilgrimage once a year. It further stipulated that there would be no aggression between the Muslims and Qurayshites for the next 10 years. So, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ performed the first ever Umrah the next year (629 CE) with his 2000 followers.

Significance of Umrah

The performance of Umrah is repeatedly emphasized in various Hadiths, which reflects its significance in Islamic worship practices. Hadith 2630 of Sunan Al-Nisai narrates as under:

Translation - "The Messenger of Allah said: 'Perform Hajj and 'Umrah consecutively; for they remove poverty and sin as the bellows removes impurity from iron.”

Another Hadith, appearing in serial 2892 in Sunan Ibn Majah, further explains the importance of Umrah:

Translation - “The pilgrims performing Hajj and ‘Umrah are a delegation to Allah. If they call upon Him, He will answer them; and if they ask for His forgiveness, He will forgive them.”

So many other Hadith references specifically explain the importance of the performance of Umrah. That’s why Muslims perform Umrah of both types, single and combined with Hajj, so affectionately with religious passion.

Difference Between Hajj and Umrah

As discussed above, Umrah is, a shorter form of Hajj, often referred to as “Minor Hajj” or “Mini Hajj”. But these are two different acts of worship. Let’s see the difference between them:

  • Umrah can be performed any time during the Islamic year, except during Hajj.
  • Hajj has to be performed on the specific days of the Islamic month of Dhul Hajj.
  • Umrah takes only a few hours to complete, comprising of tawaf e Ka’aba and Sai between the hills of Safa and Marwa.
  • Hajj is a complete set of rituals that takes around 4-5 days, starting from the 8th of Dhul Hajj.
  • Hajj is obligatory for every Muslim, at least once in a lifetime, depending on their physical and financial ability.
  • Umrah is not compulsory; rather, it is an optional act of worship that can be performed by a Muslim as and when he can.

How to Prepare for Umrah?

Traveling to perform Umrah is a religious journey for a very special kind of worship. Hence the homework also needs to be special, especially the spiritual preparation. You need to get prepared spiritually as well as materially.

Physical or Material Preparation

  • Select an appropriate time: Although it can be done at any time outside of the Hajj days, the month of Ramadhan might be a prime choice.
  • Engage a travel agent: A well-reputed travel agent will greatly help manage your travel schedule. To be safe and peaceful traveling, you can engage any reliable and well-reputed travel agency that offers Hajj and Umrah Services, so you can utilize the maximum of your time in prayers and worship without worrying about the commute.
  • Prepare travel documents: This includes a valid passport and Visa and roundtrip air tickets from your departure to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and back. Normally, the stay in Saudi Arabia should not be less than a week. Depending on your affordability, you can even plan your stay for a month.
  • Local commute in Saudi Arabia: Travel arrangements should also be made for commuting between Jeddah Airport to Mecca and Medina. Special bus transport is available in Saudi Arabia, whereas a train service is available.
  • Vaccinations: Polio vaccination is compulsory for intending travelers from Pakistan. This year, coronavirus vaccination has been abolished; hence, it is unnecessary.
  • Currency arrangements: For use in Saudi Arabia, you will have to arrange Saudi Riyals. Your travel agent should be able to do this for you.
  • Physical fitness is also very important: You must put extra effort into performing tawaf-e-Ka’aba and Sai between safa and marwa. So, try to increase your fitness level well before the onset of your journey. Practice extended walking, as the performance of Umrah involves a lot of walking.  
  • Prepare a list of essential items you may need during your travel: Carefully jot down the list of items ensuring minimum possible total weight of your baggage. However, you can’t compromise on essentials. This may essentially include the medicines you often need to take. The selection of appropriate clothing is also crucial. Consider the weather conditions while choosing your dresses. Mostly, it is too hot in Saudi Arabia; hence, a light dress should be a better choice.
  • Ensure that no prohibited items are included in your luggage: Specifically, take care that you don’t carry any drugs, as the Government of Saudi Arabia observes strict policy against drug trafficking.

Spiritual Preparation

Physical preparation for Umrah is very important to make your journey easy and trouble free but spiritual preparation is more than important. You are traveling to the House of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى (Baituallah), so you need very special preparations to get yourself presentable to your Creator.

Here are some useful tips on this very crucial part of your pilgrimage:

  • Intention (Niyyah): The first and foremost important thing is “Intention.” The intention should be very clear that you are going for very special worship, only to please Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى. There should be no other motives behind it. These days, some people often use this sacred journey to show off their wealth and so-called piety, which is totally against the essence of this religious journey. So, the purity of the intention should be maintained in any case.
  • Seek Assistance from Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: Being a Muslim, it is our firm belief that nothing happens without the will of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى. So, you need to seek help from Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى to make your dream of a pilgrimage a reality. Seek guidance and assistance from Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى to enable you to complete this sacred journey in its true spirit while observing the norms and etiquettes of Umrah. Seek His guidance and help to perform the rituals correctly.
  • Seek Forgiveness from Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى: Confess your sins and seek forgiveness from Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى. For true repentance, one has to confess and regret all sins and wrongdoings that happened in the past, stop repeating these wrongful acts and sins, and firmly resolve that these will not reoccur in the future. The essence of repentance is to pray from the core of your heart and seek Allah’s forgiveness.
  • Seek Forgiveness from family and friends: You are about to start a sacred journey to the Baituallah (the house of Allah); hence, you need to go there clear-handed, in the sense that none of those close to you, like your extended family and friends, should be angry with you. Sincerely try to seek their forgiveness if you feel you have ever harmed them. Islam teaches us that the rights of the people are equally important as the rights of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى, the concept of “Haququllah and Haququl Ibad.” Remember the Hadith, as narrated in the Sahih Muslim at serial number 2563d, emphasizing the need to keep good relations with your extended family.

Translation - Don't sever relations of kinship, don't bear enmity against one another, don't bear aversion against one another and don't feel envy against the other and live as fellow-brothers as Allah has commanded you.

Hence, you need to regret and seek forgiveness of your close relatives and friends before proceeding to Umrah, as a gesture of following the above-quoted Hadith.

  • Try to make up the missed prayers: Before proceeding to Umrah, try to make up for the missed prayers. Similarly, you must try to complete the missed fasting during the previous Ramadhan. These are very important steps that need to be done with a sincere effort.
  • Pay your debts: If you owe some debts, you must clear them before proceeding for Umrah. This is a pre-requisite for this sacred journey.
  • Return Amanah (Trust): If someone has kept his belongings with you as Amanah (trust), you need to return them to him before you start your journey for Umrah.
  • Halal Money: Umrah is a kind of worship. It needs some extra money to travel to Mecca. You would have arranged it for this very special task. But the most important part of this venture is that the money must be halal (the rightfully earned money). Using unlawfully earned money for this purpose is wrong and not allowed per the teachings of Islam.

How to Perform Umrah?

Once you are physically, mentally and spiritually prepared for the Umrah, it is time to enter the pilgrimage. Umrah comprises four essential activities: Entering the State of Ihram, Tawaf e Ka’aba, Sai (walking between the hills of Safa and Marwa), and Halq or Taksir (Shaving off the head or small Haircut). This in-depth guide will take you through all the essential sequential steps of Umrah.

1. Enter Into the State of Ihram

The first of the four essentials of Umrah is entering into the state of Ihram. Ihram is a specific dress code for performing Umrah and Hajj. It consists of two unstitched pieces of plain white cloth. These are known as Rida and Izaar. Rida is the one that covers the upper part of the body, like a shawl, whereas Izaar covers the lower half of the body, while the head and face remain uncovered.

However, for women, covering the head is also required. The footwear is also specific for the performance of Umrah. It has to be a sandal without a heel and ankle cover so that the upper part of the foot, the heel, and the ankle should not be covered.

The person intending to perform Umrah must change into Ihram before crossing the “Miqat”. Miqat is a pre-defined point on the way to Masjid Al Haram, coming from different directions. There are five such points specified in two different Hadiths Hadith number 1526 of Sahih Al-Bukhari specifies four of the Miqat points as under:

Translation - Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had fixed Dhul Hulaifa as the Miqat for the people of Medina; Al-Juhfa for the people of Sham; and Qarn Ul-Manazil for the people of Najd; and Yalamlam for the people of Yemen. So, these (above mentioned) are the Mawaqit for all those living at those places, and besides them for those who come through those places to perform Hajj and `Umra and whoever lives within these places should assume Ihram from his dwelling place, and similarly the people of Mecca can assume lhram from Mecca.

The fifth Miqat point is specified in Hadith number 1531 of Sahih Al-Bukhari:

Translation - When these two towns (Basra and Kufa) were captured, the people went to `Umar and said, "O the Chief of the faithful believers! The Prophet (ﷺ) fixed Qarn as the Miqat for the people of Najd, it is beyond our way and it is difficult for us to pass through it." He said, "Take as your Miqat a place situated opposite to Qarn on your usual way. So, he fixed Dhatu-Irq (as their Miqat).

Here are some important things to remember associated with the Ihram:

  • Before entering the Ihram state, one must take an Islamic bath (ghusl) to cleanse his/her body. The idea is to attain physical purification. This needs to be done essentially before taking your flight.
  • If due to any reason, one crosses the Miqat without changing into Ihram, he will have to sacrifice an animal, which is known as “Damm”. So, be careful to enter the state of Ihram while fulfilling all the requirements before crossing the Miqat or taking your flight.
  • As an act of following the Sunnah, it is highly recommended to perform two Rakah salahs before taking the state of Ihram.
  • Once in Ihram, you must take intention (Niyyah) for Umrah. The best way to take the intention is by reciting it verbally. Two of the most popular and recommended intentions are;
    • بَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ عُمْرَةً – (O Allah, here I am to perform Umrah)
    • اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّيْ أُرِيْدُ الْعُمْرَةَ فَيَسِّرْهَا لِيْ وَتَقَبَّلْهَا مِنِّيْ (O Allah, I intend to perform Umrah, so accept it from me and make it easy for me.) 
  • Next you need to recite Talbiya (a specific prayer frequently recited by the pilgrims throughout the course of Umrah). The Arabic version of Talbiya is:

– لَبَّيْكَ اللهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ – لَبَّيْكَ لَا شَرِيْكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ – إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ – لَا شَرِيْكَ لَكَ

The importance of Talbiya is narrated in the Hadith at serial number 828 of Jami Al-Tirmidhi, as under:

Translation - the Messenger of Allah said: "There is no Muslim who says the Talbiyah except that - on his right and left, until the end of the land, from here to there - the rocks, or trees, or mud say the Talbiyah."

  • Once in Ihram, one has to be careful about the prohibitions imposed on him. Any violation of these prohibitions will be liable to certain penalties, such as Fidya, Sadaqah or Damm, depending on the nature of the violations. Mainly there are three types of prohibitions;
    • Violations of Ihram – include using perfumes on the body or Ihram, using stitched clothes, covering the head and face, killing lice, clipping nails, performing sexual activities, and cutting hair and shaving.
    • Violations of Haram - The entire area in and around the Masjid Al-Haram is included in the Haram. Violations of Haram include hunting of animals and cutting trees and plants.
    • Violations of different rituals of the Umrah such as Tawaf.
    • Other violations of Ihram include fighting, keeping armed weapons, and violating the sanctity of the Haram.
  • You must change the Ihram outside of the Haram to perform an additional Umrah. That means you will come out of the boundaries of Haram, re-enter the state of Ihram, and then return to Masjid Al-Haram to perform additional Umrah.

Your Entry Into the Holy City of Mecca

Once you have taken the state of Ihram and your flight reaches Jeddah, your travel agent must have arranged your commute to Mecca. It is advisable to keep reciting the Talbiyah while on the way to Mecca, along with other Dikhar and especially Durood on the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. While entering into the boundaries of the Haram, recite the following dua.

اَللَّهُمَّ هَذَا حَرَمُكَ وَأَمْنُكَ فَحَرِّمْنِي عَلَى النَّارِ، وَأَمِنِّي مِنْ عَذَابِكَ يَوْمَ تَبْعَثُ عِبَادَكَ، وَاجْعَلْنِي مِنْ أَوْلِيَائِكَ وَأَهْلِ طَاعَتِكَ

Translation - O Allah, this is Your sanctuary and security, so make me unlawful to Hell-Fire, make me safe from Your punishment on the day You resurrect Your servants, and make me one of Your friends and one of the people who obey You

Now that you have reached your dream destination, the Holy City of Mecca, it is time to unpack at your hotel accommodation. It is better to take some rest here and take a shower if you want to. But keep in mind that you are in a state of Ihram; hence, don’t commit anything prohibited, such as using perfumed soap or any other scented item.

But in any case, remember, you are here with a purpose. So, don’t spend too much of time in other activities and immediately head towards Masjid Al-Haram.

At Masjid Al-Haram

While entering Masjid Al–Haram, try to use the Bab-Al-Salam, the Gate of Peace. It is a Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. But it depends entirely on the authorities, as they often restrict entry through different specified points. So, don’t be confused or worried; use the door available for entry at that particular time.

While entering the Masjid Al–Haram, first put your right foot in the Masjid. The recommended Dua at this stage is the same as you recite while entering into any other Masjid:

.بِسْمِ اللهِ، اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ. اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي وَافْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ رَحْمَتِك

Translation - In the name of Allah, send prayers upon Muhammad ﷺ. O Allah, forgive me and open for me the doors of Your Mercy.

Or alternatively you may also recite;

أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ الْعَظِيمِ، وَبِوَجْهِهِ الْكَرِيمِ، وَسُلْطَانِهِ الْقَدِيمِ، مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ

Translation - I seek protection in Allah the Tremendous, His Noble Countenance, and His pre-eternal Sovereign Might from Shaytan the rejected.

Since your immediate intention is to perform Tawaf, it is not required to perform two Rakahs of Tahiyatul Masjid at this point in time.

The Ultimate Time – First Sight of Baitullah (Khana Ka’aba)

You have traveled for this very time, the first sight of the Ka’aba. While entering Masjid Al-Haram, you are nearing, inch by inch, your dream sight, so, hold your breath and emotions to take the first sight of the Holiest place on the earth. While taking the first sight of the Ka’aba, recite Durood followed by Dua, with the trust that the Dua recited here has the highest probability of being accepted.

Frist recite the following:

.اللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ. اللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ . لَآ اِلَهَ اِلَّا اللّٰهُ

Translation - Allah is the Greatest. Allah is the Greatest. There is no God except Allah

Following the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, you should also recite the following duas at this prime moment in your life:

اَللَّهُمَّ زِدْ هَذَا الْبَيْتَ تَشْرِيفاً وَتَعْظِيماً وَتَكْرِيماً وَمَهَابَةً، وَزِدْ مَنْ شَرَّفَهُ وَكَرَّمَهُ مِمَّنْ حَجَّهُ أَوْ اعْتَمَرَهُ تَشْرِيفاً وَتَكْرِيماً وَتَعْظِيماً وَبِرّاً.

Translation - Allah, increase this House in honour, esteem, respect and reverence. And increase those who honour and respect it—of those who perform Hajj or ‘Umrah—in honour, respect, esteem and piety.

اَللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ السَّلاَمُ وَمِنْكَ السَّلَامُ، حَيِّنَا رَبَّنَا بِالسَّلاَمِ.

Translation - O Allah, You are Peace and from You is peace. Make us live, Lord, in peace.

2.Tawaf-e-Umrah

According to the dictionary, tawaf means to walk around, encircling a particular point. Religiously, it is a term used in Islamic worship, which means walking around the Ka’aba in a circle. Each circle is referred to as one Circuit. The Tawaf-e-Ka’aba, or Tawaf-e-Umrah, comprises seven such circuits.

The following are the prerequisites for the performance of Tawaf:

  • You need to be in a state of Wudu (ablution).
  • You must take intention (Niyyah) for Tawaf, preferably in verbal form.
  • Men's right shoulders should be kept uncovered during tawaf. This practice is termed as Idtiba.
  • Tawaf is not allowed if one is in need of a ghusl.
  • Women are not allowed to perform Tawaf while in the menstruation phase.

Types of Tawaf-e-Ka’aba

Generally, there are five different types of Tawaf-e-Ka’aba, as under:

  1. Tawaf-e-Qudum or Tawaf at Arrival. It is an act of Sunnah to perform Tawaf-e-Qudum on your arrival in Masjid Al-Haram while performing Hajj.
  2. Tawaf-e-Ziyarah is the one that is performed during the Hajj on the 10th of Dhul Hajj, once the Hajis come out of Ihram and change to normal clothing before going back to Mina.
  3. Tawaf-e-Wida (Farewell Tawaf) is performed by the Hajis after completing the entire Hajj process.
  4. Tawaf-e-Umrah is the one that needs to be done when performing Umrah.
  5. Tawaf-e-Nafl is the one that can be done at any time by anyone per his/her desire.

How to Preform Tawaf-e-Umrah

Tawaf is the main activity of the performance of Umrah. So, you must be well aware of its requirements and procedures. First, you must know the major relevant points and locations inside Masjid Al-Haram. These are:

  • Door of the Ka’aba
  • Maqam-e-Ibrahim
  • Hajr-e-Aswad (the Black Stone)
  • Multazim – the wall between Hajr-e-Aswad and door of Ka’aba
  • Yamani Corner
  • Shami Corner
  • Al-Mizaab
  • Iraqi Corner
  • Al-Hateem (Hijr Ismail)

Once you are familiar with these prominent locations inside Masjid Al-Haram, it will help you perform tawaf correctly. Here is the process of doing Tawaf-e-Umrah:

  • Once you are in there, you need to reach the starting point of the Tawaf. It is right in front of the Hajr-e-Aswad. This particular point is marked with a green light that indicates the starting point of the Tawaf.
  • Stand at the starting point. Face towards the Ka’aba and make Intention. You can make intention as under.

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّيْ أُرِيْدُ طَوَافَ بَيْتِكَ الْحَرَامِ فَيَسِّرْهُ لِيْ وَتَقَبَّلْهُ مِنِّيْ

Translation - O Allah, I intend to perform Tawaf of your Sacred House, so make it easy for me and accept it from me.

  • Start walking anti-clockwise around the Ka’aba so that the Ka’aba will be on your left side.
  • For men, it is a sunnah to complete the first three circuits while walking briskly, whereas the rest of the four should be done normally. This practice is known as Raml (walking briskly).
  • Tawaf has to be done around the Ka’aba, not inside it. The Hijr Ismail, more commonly known as Al-Hateem, is a semicircular area alongside the main structure of Ka’aba and is considered a part of it. Hence, while doing tawaf, one has to avoid entering Al-Hateem. Instead, you have to walk around it.
  • The Scholars strongly recommend reciting supplications during tawaf. It may be done in your native language, seeking the mercy and guidance of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى and requesting Him to fulfill your desires and needs. It is not necessary to recite duas only in Arabic. Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى very well knows what’s in your heart and mind. So make duas in your native language.
  • The following Dua should be recited whenever you reach the Hajr-e-Aswad during the Tawaf.

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللَّهُمَّ إِيْمَاناً بِكَ وَتَصْدِيْقاً بِكِتَابِكَ، وَوَفَاءً بِعَهْدِكَ، وَاتِّبَاعاً لِسُنَّةِ نَبِيِّكَ مُحَمَّدْ

Translation - In the name of Allah, Allah is the greatest. O Allah, out of faith in You, conviction in Your book, in fulfilment of Your covenant and in emulation of Your Prophet’s Sunnah ﷺ.

Significance of The Black Stone – Hajr-e-Aswad

The virtues associated with touching or kissing the Hajr-e-Aswad are enormous. This piece of stone is believed to have been brought by the Angels from the heavens. It is recommended by the Scholars, as derived from the Sunnah, that one must try to kiss the Hajr-e-Aswad, as it carries bundles of virtues and rewards. While kissing the Hajr-e-Aswad, recite بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ. This act is referred to as “Istilam”, in Islamic spirituality.

If you get a chance, do it three times, but it may not be possible for everyone to do so, especially during the rush days. Hence you should not feel grieved if you did not get to kiss it. The Scholars are of the view that we should avoid creating a fuss around the Hajr-e-Aswad. If you get a chance to kiss it, fine, but if you don’t get a chance, the second option is to try to touch it.

However, considering the huge attendance, most of the time, you may not get a chance to kiss or touch it. The third option, as recommended by the Scholars, is to salute it. Stop right in front of the Hajr-e-Aswad, while your face towards it. Raise your hands to the level of your ears, while palms facing towards the Black Stone and recite بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ.

The virtues of kissing the Hajr-e-Aswad are huge but don’t over-try doing so, as it might create trouble for others and, more importantly, harm the sanctity of this sacred place. Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى knows your intentions and may reward you heavily, even if you are unable to kiss the stone due to a huge rush of pilgrims.

The Yamani Corner (Rukn-e-Yamani)

The Yamani corner also has its significance during Tawaf. Scholars are of the view that one should try to get near to it during the Tawaf and should touch it with his right hand while reciting اللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ. But as everyone would like to make this gesture, there’s every possibility that most of the pilgrims may not reach near to it. So, if that is the case with you, don’t mind and keep walking to complete the circuit.

However, it is a Sunnah to recite the following dua, as appears in Surah Al-Baqarah at 201st verse of Quran, while passing between the Hajr-e-Aswad and Rukn-e-Yamani

رَبَّنَآ ءَاتِنَا فِى ٱلدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةًۭ وَفِى ٱلْـَٔاخِرَةِ حَسَنَةًۭ وَقِنَا عَذَابَ ٱلنَّار

Translation - Our Lord! Grant us the good of this world and the Hereafter, and protect us from the torment of the Fire.”

Per the Shafi school of thought, one should recite this Dua consistently during the entire circuit.

Important Notes on Tawaf – e – Umrah

While performing the main ritual of Umrah, the Tawaf, the following points must be kept in mind and strictly followed:

  • There are a total of seven circuits that are required to be completed and, more importantly, without a break or interruption.
  • If a regular prayer time is nearing, it will be performed in congregation at the Masjid Al-Haram. In this case, you must pause the Tawaf and offer prayers to the congregation (Ba-Jamaat Namaz). Once the congregational prayer is done, you can resume and complete the remaining part of the Tawaf. You can also manage your Tawaf schedule when no congregational prayers are approaching so that it can be done without interruption in one go.
  • Every circuit has to start from the Hajr-e-Aswad and end at the same point. And more importantly, you need to enter the next circuit without a pause; keep walking to enter the next circuit.
  • At the start of every circuit, you will have to perform Istilam (kissing, touching or saluting the Hajr-e-Aswad and reciting بِسْمِ اللَّهِ وَاللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ)
  • Complete all seven rounds in the same way, which will mark the completion of your Tawaf-e-Umrah.
  • After seven circuits, you will also have to perform Istilam. So, the total number of Istilam will be eight, one at the start of each circuit, making seven for seven circuits. And the eighth after the completion of the seventh circuit.
  • Once the Tawaf is completed, it is required to offer two Rakahs of prayer at the Maqam-e-Ibrahim. The best way is to perform this Salah at a location where Maqam-e-Ibrahim is between you and the Baitullah (Ka’aba). But as with other rituals of Hajj and Umrah, it may not be possible at times due to the heavy congestion of pilgrims at this particular place. In that case, this Salah can be performed at any other suitable location within the Masjid Al-Haram without creating difficulty for other pilgrims.
  • The virtues and significance of these Prayers are emphasized in the 125th verse of Surah Al-Baqarah.

Translation - And ˹remember˺ when We made the Sacred House1 a centre and a sanctuary for the people ˹saying˺, “˹You may˺ take the standing-place of Abraham2 as a site of prayer.” And We entrusted Abraham and Ishmael to purify My House for those who circle it, who meditate in it, and who bow and prostrate themselves ˹in prayer˺

  • So, while moving towards the location where you want to perform this Salah, after completion of Tawaf, it is strongly recommended to recite the following part of this verse

وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى

  • The Scholars also recommend that following the Sunnah, one should recite Surah Al-Kafirun in first Rakah and Surah Ikhlas in the second Rakah of this important Salah.

Drink Aab-e-Zamzam

Once Tawaf is completed and you have offered two Rakah of Salah at or near the Maqam-e-Ibrahim, it’s time to drink Aab-e-Zamzam (the sacred water of the fountain of Zamzam). This water is abundantly available at various locations, in dispensers within the premises of Masjid Al-Haram.

Hadith number 3062 in Sunan Ibn Majah explains the virtues of Zamzam water as under:

Translation- I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: ‘The water of Zamzam is for whatever it is drunk for

Etiquettes of Drinking Zamzam Water

Drinking Zamzam Water is also a Sunnah. Hadith Number 3061 of Sunan Ibn Majah explains the etiquettes of drinking Aab-e-Zamzam.

Translation - I was sitting with Ibn ‘Abbas, and a man came to him and he said: ‘Where have you come from?’ He said: ‘From Zamzam.’ He said: ‘Did you drink from it as you should?’ He said: ‘How is that?’ He said: ‘When you drink from it, turn to face the Qiblah and mention the name of Allah, drink three draughts and drink your fill of it. When you have finished, then praise Allah.’ The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ‘The sign (that differentiates) between us and the hypocrites is that they do not drink their fill from Zamzam

So, the Sunnah of drinking Zamzam water can be summarized as under

  • Make intention before drinking Zamzam that may Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى fulfill all our desires and wishes in this world and the life hereafter.
  • Drink it while facing Ka’aba.
  • Drink it in three sips.
  • Drink it to your fill.
  • Scholars also recommend that one has to be in a standing position while drinking Zamzam.
  • It is also good to recite following Dua after drinking Zamzam Water.

اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا وَرِزْقًا وَاسِعًا وَعَمَلًا مُتَقَبَّلًا وَشِفَاءً مِنْ كُلِّ دَاءٍ

Translation - O Allah, I ask You for knowledge that is beneficial, provision that is abundant and a cure for every illness

Go to Multazim

Once this important step (drinking Zamzam Water) is done, you must proceed towards Multazim, the wall between the door of Ka’aba and Hajr-e-Aswad. Here you are required to embrace this wall, which is also an act of following the Sunnah. You can make any Dua, which you may need to; it is yet another place where Duas are accepted. But you may face difficulty reaching that spot, as everyone would be trying to do so. In that case, you may raise your hands while facing the Multazim and make your dua.

Remember, the Haram is a place of peace, hence you need to maintain its sanctity. So, if you cannot reach any particular point, such as Hajr-e-Aswad, Maqam-e-Ibrahim or Multazim, don’t be aggrieved or feel sorrow. Just give it a try. But if you can’t get there, make your dua as explained earlier and don’t create problems for others.

3. Sai – Walking Between the Hills of Safa and Marwa

The third of the four essentials of Umrah is known as Sai. Sai is an Arabic word (السعي), which means walking or striving. Per Islamic norms, Sai is called the third essential of Umrah, comprised of walking between the hills of Safa and Marwa. These two hills are now included in the Haram and prominently marked for the knowledge and facilitation of the pilgrims. Sai is required to be done right after the completion of Tawaf.

Historical Background of Sai

The second wife of Prophet Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ is known as Hazrat Hajarah عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ. His first wife, Sarah, remained childless, and it is believed that she suggested his husband, Prophet Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ to marry Hazrat Hajrah so he could get a child. Eventually, Hazrat Hajra gave birth to a son named Ismail, who would later become a Prophet. At that time, Prophet Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ was residing in the area now known as Palestine.

Responding to a divine command, Prophet Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ traveled to the area which at that time was called Bakka (now known as Mecca), along with his wife Hajrah and son Ismail. This was an uninhibited place then. He is believed to have left them under a tree with just one skin of water and other essential items. Prophet Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ told his wife that he was leaving her with his son at this place. alone, per the will and Command of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى, hence she doesn’t need to worry.

While leaving them alone, Prophet Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ recited a dua, which is mentioned in the Quran in Surah Ibrahim at verse number 37:

Translation - Our Lord! I have settled some of my offspring in a barren valley, near Your Sacred House, our Lord, so that they may establish prayer. So make the hearts of ˹believing˺ people incline towards them and provide them with fruits, so perhaps they will be thankful.

Soon the resources with Hazrat Hajrah عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ were exhausted. She was in dire need of water then. Her infant child was crying for water, but the skin available to her was already emptied. Desperate, she ran up the nearby hills, known as Safa and Marwa, in search of water, but it wasn’t anywhere. At that juncture, Angel Jibrail عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ came down to her rescue.

Per some traditions, the Angel rubbed his wings on a particular point on earth, which resulted in an eruption of a fountain, whereas some others believe that it was where the infant Ismail was hitting his heel in want of water. Whatever the case, water started flowing from the earth, where the infant Ismail and his mother, Hajrah, lived. Hazrat Hajrah عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ dug a well near that fountain so that flowing water could be stored there. This well was later named the “Well of Zamzam.”

Sometimes later, a group of people arrived there in search of water. When they saw the Well of Zamzam, they requested Hazrat Hajrah to allow them to settle there and use this water. Hazrat Hajrah allowed them. This was the foundation time of the city of Mecca, where the Prophets Ibrahim and Ismail عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ built the House of Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى, known as Baitullah or Khana-e-Ka’aba.

The act of Hazrat Hajrah to run up the hills of Safa and Marwa in search of water was so liked by the Allah Almighty that it was made a compulsory part of the Hajj and Umrah, as narrated in the 158th verse of Surah Al-Baqarah:

Translation - Indeed, ˹the hills of˺ Ṣafa and Marwah are among the symbols of Allah. So whoever makes the major or minor pilgrimage to the ˹Sacred˺ House, let them walk between ˹the two hills˺. And whoever does good willingly, Allah is truly Appreciative, All-Knowing.

How to Perform Sai?

Sai needs to be started immediately after the completion of Tawaf. However, it can be delayed for a while if one needs to. Before you proceed for Sai, you have to perform Istilam. This will be the ninth and the last Istilam required during one Umrah.

Pre-requisites of Sai

For the correct and valid performance of Sai, the pilgrim needs to be in the state of Ihram. Further, it has to be done on foot by the pilgrim him/herself. It has to be done after Tawaf as immediately as possible. Above all, Sai has to be done at the correct time, right after the completion of Tawaf.

Process of Sai

Here’s the complete process of doing Sai:

  • Once tawaf and final Istilam are done, proceed to the hill of Safa, which is the starting point of Sai. Remember, you have to start it from Safa, not from Marwa. The Sai started from Marwa, erroneously or intentionally, will be considered void.
  • Sai comprises seven laps between Safa and Marwa hills
  • Starting from Safa, move towards Marwa. This will be one of the seven laps required for Sai.
  • Move from Marwa to Safa, which will be the second lap. In this way, you will have to complete seven laps. So, the Sai will end up at Marwa after the seventh lap.
  • The Safa and Marwa hills are now included in the Masjid Al-Haram and marked as Al-Safa and Al-Marwa.
  • As a gesture of following the Sunnah, it is recommended to recite the following part of verse 158 of Surah Al-Baqarah (referred to above) while proceeding toward the hill of Safa:

إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِن شَعَائِرِ اللَّه

  • It needs to be recited at the start of Sai, and you need not repeat it in every lap.
  • At Safa, you should make dua, while facing towards the Ka’aba. The best dua, as derived by Scholars from the Sunnah is:

اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ، اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ، اَللّٰهُ أَكْبَرُ، وَلِلّٰهِ الْحَمْدُ,

Allah is the greatest; Allah is the greatest; Allah is the greatest, and to Allah belongs all praise.

لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيكَ لَهُ، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ، وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ

here is no deity except Allah, alone without a partner. To Him belongs the Dominion, and to Him belongs all praise. He gives life and death, and He has power over everything.

لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اَللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، اَنْجَزَ وَعْدَهُ وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ وَهَزَمَ اَلْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ

There is no deity except Allah alone. He fulfilled His promise, supported His slave and defeated the Confederates alone

  • It is considered better to recite this Dua thrice.
  • This may be followed by any of your requests to Allah سُبْحَانَهُ وَتَعَالَى, in any language in which you can express your needs and wishes more elaborately.
  • The distance between Safa and Marwa is around 50 meters, which is the one run up to the hill by Hazrat Hajrah while searching for water. This distance is marked with green lights.
  • The best way of doing Sai for men is to cover this distance in mild running. Women are not required to run; they can do it at their normal walking speed.
  • At the Hill of Marwa, you must repeat the dua mentioned above (as at Safa), again facing towards Ka’aba.
  • In this way, the seventh lap of the Sai will end at Marwa. At this stage, you must make dua.
  • You must perform two Rakah of Nafl Prayers in Masjid Al-Haram.
  • That completes the ritual of Sai. It’s now time to leave Masjid Al-Haram.
  • As we do while leaving any other Masjid, first, one has to put his left foot out of the Masjid Al-Haram, while reciting:

بِسْمِ اللهِ وَالصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَّامُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ، اللَّهُمَّ إَنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ

Translation - In the name of Allah, and peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. O Allah, I ask of you from Your bounty.

Concessions while Performing Sai

Concessions while performing Sai are as follows:

  • If you are accompanying some elderly persons, such as your parents, the men can do Sai at normal speed instead of mild running. The same concession is available when a man has to take care of his fellow women.
  • Elderly people who face difficulty in walking may avail of the wheelchair facility provided at the Masjid Al-Haram.
  • Availing the wheelchair facility, otherwise, is not permissible and must be avoided.
  • Sai corridor is available both in the middle and on the roof. It’s up to you to select one, as per your ease. Preferably, one may choose the middle corridor if it is a hot day, but a roof is also a good option for any other time.
  • In case of any urgent need, such as a call of nature, you can pause the Sai and resume immediately once you are done from where it was left.
  • Sai can also be paused if the time of compulsory prayer is on.
  • Talking is allowed but only for important matters. It should be avoided as much as possible.

That completes your third part of the Umrah.

4. Halq or Taksir

The final part of the Umrah, the fourth essential, is known as Halq or Taksir. Halq refers to completely shaving off the head, while Taseer means cutting the hair on the head at least one inch. However, Women are required to cut only a small part of their hair to complete this ritual. Halq or Taksir is an essential part of the Umrah and is one of the Wajib Acts.

Significance of Halq and Taksir after Umrah

Halq or Taksir is mentioned in the Quran in the 27th verse of Surah Al-Fath:

Translation - Indeed, Allah will fulfil His Messenger’s vision in all truth: Allah willing, you will surely enter the Sacred Mosque, in security—˹some with˺ heads shaved and ˹others with˺ hair shortened—without fear. He knew what you did not know, so He first granted you the triumph at hand

Hadith number 1727 of Sahih Al-Bukhari also marks the significance and virtues of Halq and Taksir:

Translation - Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "O Allah! Be merciful to those who have their head shaved." The people said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! And (invoke Allah for) those who get their hair cut short." The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "O Allah! Be merciful to those who have their head shaved." The people said, "O Allah's Messenger (ﷺ)! And those who get their hair cut short." The Prophet (ﷺ) said (the third time), "And to those who get their hair cut short." Nafi` said that the Prophet (ﷺ) had said once or twice, "O Allah! Be merciful to those who get their head shaved," and on the fourth time he added, "And to those who have their hair cut short."

How to Do Halq or Taksir?

Here’s how you can do Halq or Taksir:

  • You must remain in a state of Ihram after completion of the first three essentials of Umrah and proceed to Halq or Taksir in the same state of Ihram.
  • This needs to be started from the right side of your head.
  • You need to be seated while facing towards Ka’aba for Halq or Taksir.
  • As is done in so many other religious activities, Prophet Muhammad ﷺ explained the process of Halq, practically on the Hajja tul Wida (the Last Hajj). It is narrated in Hadith number 1305a of Sahih Al-Muslim:

Translation - Anas b. Malik (Allah be pleased wish him) reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) came to Mina; he went to the Jamra and threw pebbles at it, after which he went to his lodging in Mina, and sacrificed the animal. He then called for a barber and, turning his right side to him, let him shave him; after which he tiimed his left side. He then gave (these hair) to the people.

  • For bald people with no hair on their heads, Halq can be performed by just placing the razor on the head and passing it over the entire head.
  • Taksir can trim the hair for at least one inch from the entire head.

Cutting Hair for Women

Women are not required to perform Halq, as is narrated in the Hadith number 5049 of Sunan An-Nisai:

Translation - "The Messenger of Allah [SAW] forbade women to shave their heads."

So, the best way of cutting hair for women to complete this obligatory step of Umrah is to cut at least an inch of hair at the far end. This can be done alone and does not require going to any barber.

Additional Tips on Halq and Taksir for Men

You will find different barbers near the Masjid Al-Haram. Not all of them are licensed. Try to get it done only from those who are officially licensed. The cost charged by unlicensed barbers might be less than that charged by licensed persons, but you must go for the ones who possess a license.

Unlicensed barbers can be found around the roadsides, whereas licensed ones work properly in their allocated shops. The reason why one should avoid getting it done by an unlicensed person is mainly the health issues, such as HIV and Hepatitis.

With that, your Umrah process is completed, and you can now come out of the state of Ihram. The nearest place to get out of Ihram is the Masjid Aysha, near the Masjid Al-Haram. Most of the pilgrims would like to avail of this facility at Masjid Aysha.

Exceptions/Obligations for Women

  • Per the Hanafi school of thought, women are not allowed to perform Umrah or Hajj without the company of a Mehram, such as a Father, Husband, or Son.
  • Per the Jafri, Maliki, and Shafi Schools of thought, women are allowed to perform Umrah and Hajj without being accompanied by a Mehram.
  • The dress code for women (being in the state of Ihram) is somewhat relaxed as compared to men. Women are allowed to remain in their normal stitched clothing, but that has to be strictly per the norms and traditions of Islam. No flamboyant or attractive type of clothes should be worn.
  • Preferably they should use an Abaya, a piece of cloth that covers the entire body while leaving face and hands uncovered. It is the requirement per the Islamic norms that the entire body of the women should be sufficiently covered; only hands and faces are allowed to remain visible.   
  • If a woman is in the menstruation phase, she is not allowed to perform Umrah.
  • Women are allowed to wear jewelry but not recommended by most of the Scholars. They should preferably avoid using jewelry during Umrah or Hajj.
  • Women are not required to run between the hills of Safa and Marwa; they can do it at their normal walking speed.

Don’ts of Umrah 

An unpleasant reality, especially in South East Asian Countries, is that women sometimes try to evade the compulsion of accompanying a true Mehram to get the Umrah or Hajj Visa. They declare a person as their Mehram who actually is not. This is not a reasonable option. You are proceeding for a sacred cause; hence you should not try any such illegal options, as it will defeat the very cause of your holy journey.