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Learn about famous, historical mosques to visit at prayer times in Baghdad! Mosques have existed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as the centers for learning and congregating for all Muslims. In later years, with the spread of Islam, Mosques were built worldwide with intricate, representative architecture. They remain centers for congregating prayers and Islamic education institutions in Muslim societies everywhere. Baghdad, in Iraq, became the "center of learning" in the Muslim World in the Islamic Golden Age. Baghdad is an Islamic historical city that has remained the capital for most of the subsequent Caliphates or Ruling Muslims who built historical mosques suiting the needs of the growing Muslim population.
The city is known as the "city of peace" and was the heart of the Islamic Golden Age. Notable scholars and religious figures are associated with the city, such as Imam Abu Hanifah, the founder of the Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence, and Al-Khawarizmi, the father of Algebra. Ibn-Sina, known to the Western world as Avicenna, is also a notable figure hailing from the city of Baghdad. Today, Baghdad may face significant challenges due to political unrest, yet it continues to thrive with a large Muslim population of both Islamic groups, Sunni and Shia.
Imam Abu Hanifa is a prominent figure in the Islamic World. He is considered the Great Imam, Imam al-Ādham. The first mosque compound was built around his tomb by the orders of Abu Kalijar Marzuban, Samsam al-Dawla, in 375 AH / 985–986 CE. The mosque is located in the al-Adhamiyya district in northern Baghdad, Iraq, named after Abu Hanifa's reverential epithet Al-imām al-aʿẓam ("The Great Leader"). The mosque continued to be developed and redeveloped by the subsequent rulers, such as Seljuks, Ottomans, and Sultans.
In recent years, after post-war damage, the neighborhood of the al-Adhamiyya district came together to repair the damage done to the mosque by the American and Iraqi forces during their fight. The mosque is built over 10,000 square meters and has a capacity for 5,000 worshippers at a time. The compound consists of a main hall, two hallways surrounding the main hall, a clock tower made in the 20th century, and the tomb chamber of Imam Abu Hanifah. The mosque sees visitors and revering pilgrims from all walks of life, as well as regular worshippers.
Umm Al-Qura mosque showcases the harmony and understanding between Sunni and Shia Muslims of Iraq. It currently serves as the largest place of worship for Sunni worshippers, as well as a Shi'a hawza (educational institution). It has become a place of refuge for those affected in the Anbar Province during attacks. It was commissioned by the then-President of Iraq in 1998 as a commemoration to himself. It was formally completed on the 28th of April 2001. The mosque is made from white limestones with blue mosaic decorations. It has a pool shaped to resemble the Arab world and has several architectural features alluding to Iraqi history. There are eight minarets in total, with four surrounding the dome and four others at the corners of the outer complex.
Baghdad is known for being a center for the Shia-Islam world, with several holy sites present in the city. Al Kazimiyya Mosque is an immensely significant site, with the tombs of the two Twelver Shia Imams. It was first built in 762 AD, and the current building was a restoration carried out in 1502–1524 and was later ornamented by the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman after he conquered Baghdad in 1534. The mosque sees regular visitors and pilgrims in thousands. It has several markets and tourist locations in its surroundings. Despite its tumultuous history, it continues to attract all Shia Muslims from around the world, making it a lively, busy establishment in the first month of the Islamic year.
Located northwest of Al-Wathba Square, Masjid Al-Khulafa, also known as al-Qasr Mosque, was a mosque commissioned by the 17th Abbasid Caliph on the grounds of his palace complex. Its beginning dates back to 902 CE and was completed in 908 CE as a Friday congregational mosque. The mosque is a prominent historical site because it is one of the oldest mosques in Iraq. However, only the original minaret has survived the several wars it has seen throughout the ages. The mosque is located on the Rusafa side of Baghdad on Al-Jumhuriya Street in the Al-Ghazl market near Shorja.
The minaret is the most notable part of the mosque, standing at 34 meters. It is set on the southeast corner and constructed with bricks and mortars. Its foundation is decorated with Mocárabe, a type of ornamental vaulting common in Islamic architecture. It also has a beautiful frame that is engraved with inscriptions and geometric patterns. It is notably mentioned in the travel records of Ibn-Battuta, who visited Baghdad in 1327. The mosque is currently under UNESCO Heritage Sites. It is currently closed for visits due to maintenance. However, keep on the lookout for reopening in the future.
Al-Nidaa' mosque is located in the Sulaikh district, the Shamasiyah neighborhood, administrated by the Adhamiya district next to Rusafa, northeast of Baghdad. The mosque is mostly frequented by locals or tourists in the vicinity. The mosque complex stands over 5,000 square meters and can accommodate around 3,000 worshippers at a time. There are regular, weekly Friday congregational prayers as well as Eid prayers conducted at its establishment. The architecture of the mosque consists of a large dome and two minarets. It was constructed in 1997 (1417 Hijri), with a white stone exterior and blue mosaic adornments on the dome and minarets. The mosque complex consists of the following:
It also includes facilities such as:
The distinctive quality of this mosque is that it associates with neither Sunni nor Shia and is open to all Muslim worshippers.
Baghdad is mainly popular for its historical mosques. However, there are several mosques frequented by the locals. With a Muslim majority of approximately 98%, finding a mosque when you're in a hurry to catch your obligatory prayers is not difficult at all.
| Fajr | Duhur | Asr | Maghrib | Isha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 04:13 | 11:57 | 15:27 | 18:07 | 19:30 |