تفسير : (and by the witness) the day of friday (and that whereunto he beareth testimony) the day of 'arafah and it is said it is the day of immolation; it is also said that 'the witness' refers to the children of adam while 'that whereunto he bears testimony' refers to the day of judgement; and it is also said that 'the witness' is muhammad (pbuh) while 'that whereunto he bears testimony' is his community; allah swore by all these things that his chastisement of those who disbelieve in him is very severe,
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī
تفسير : and [by] the witness, friday, and the witnessed, the day of ‘arafa — that is how these three [elements] have been explained in hadīth: for the first one is ‘promised’, the second one is ‘a witness’ [that testifies] to deeds performed in it, while the third is ‘witnessed’ by mankind and angels (the introductory [particle] of the response to the oath has been omitted, but is implied to be laqad, ‘verily’, [sc. laqad qutila ashābu’l-ukhdūd]):
Sahl al-Tustari
تفسير : and [by] the witness and the witnessed,he said:it has been said that the witness (shāhid) is the angel, just as he has also said, [and every soul will be accompanied by] a driver and a witness [50:21]. that which is borne witness to (mashhūd) is the day of resurrection, ⸢for that is a day that is [indeed] witnessed (wa dhālika yawmun mashhūdun).⸣ ibn ʿabbās y said, ‘the witness is muḥammad <img border="0" src="images/salatonmassenger.jpg" width="24" height="22">, and that which is witnessed is the qurʾān.’ it has also been said that that which is witnessed is mankind. sahl said:the witness is the spiritual self (nafs al-rūḥ) and that which is witnessed is the natural self (nafs al-tabʿ), for the natural self, along with the understanding of the intellect (fahm al-ʿaql) and the discernment of the heart (fiṭnat al-qalb), will each have their witness, while god is the ever-present witness (al-shahīd) over everything.his words, mighty and majestic is he:
