'Abdullāh Ibn 'Abbās / Muḥammad al-Fīrūzabādī
تفسير : (and when we made with you a covenant) when we took your consent (and caused the mount to tower above you) extracted it, elevated it and fixed it above your heads: (hold fast by that which we have given you) be diligent and earnest with what we have given you of the book, (and hear) obey what you have been commanded, (they said: we hear and rebel) it is as if they were saying: if it were not for the mountain we would have heard your saying and disobeyed your command. (and (worship of) the calf was made to sink into their hearts) their love of worshipping the calf sank into their hearts (because of their rejection) as a punishment for their disbelief. (say (unto them)) o muhammad! if love of worshipping the calf is equal in your eyes to love of your creator, then: (evil is that which your belief enjoineth on you) the worship of the calf enjoins on you, (if ye are believers) if you are truthful that your forefathers were believers.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī
تفسير : and when we made a covenant with you, to act according to what is in the torah, and raised over you the mount, to drop it on you, when you had refused to accept it; we said, ‘take forcefully, seriously and with effort, what we have given you, and listen’, to what you have been commanded, and be prepared to accept it, they said, ‘we hear, your words, and disobey’, your command; and they were made to drink the calf in their hearts, that is to say, the love of it [the golden calf] intoxicated their hearts in the way that wine does, on account of their unbelief. say, to them: ‘evil is that, thing, which your belief, in the torah, enjoins on you, [in the way of] the worship of the [golden] calf, if you are believers’, in it, as you claim; meaning, you are not believers, for faith does not command that you worship the calf — their forefathers are meant here. likewise, you do not believe in the torah, because you have denied [the prophethood of] muhammad (s), whereas faith in it does not command you to reject him.
