Wawassayna alinsana biwalidayhi ihsanan hamalathu ommuhu kurhan wawadaAAathu kurhan wahamluhu wafisaluhu thalathoona shahran hatta itha balagha ashuddahu wabalagha arbaAAeena sanatan qala rabbi awziAAnee an ashkura niAAmataka allatee anAAamta AAalayya waAAala walidayya waan aAAmala salihan tardahu waaslih lee fee thurriyyatee innee tubtu ilayka wainnee mina almuslimeena
English
Ahmed Ali
We have enjoined on man to be good to his parents: His mother carries him in her womb with hardship, and gives birth to him in pain. Thirty months is the period of her carrying and weaning him. When he attains to manhood and the age of forty, he says: "O Lord, guide me to thank You for the favours You have bestowed on me and my parents, and to do things good as may please You, and give me a righteous off-spring. I turn to You in penitence and submit."
15
Tafseer
'Abdullāh Ibn 'Abbās / Muḥammad al-Fīrūzabādī
تفسير : (and we have commended unto man) we have commanded 'abd al-rahman ibn abi bakr in the qur'an (kindness towards parents) abu bakr ibn abi quhafah and his wife. (his mother beareth him) in her womb (with reluctance) with hardship, (and bringeth him forth with reluctance) and delivers him in hardship, (and the bearing of him) in the womb of his mother (and the weaning of him is thirty months, till, when he attaineth full strength) between the age of 18 to the age of 30 (and reacheth forty years, he saith) abu bakr says: (my lord! arouse me) inspire in me (that i may give thanks for the favour) of believing in your divine oneness (wherewith thou hast favoured me and my parents) who by then had both accepted islam, (and that i may do right) sincere righteous works which are (acceptable unto thee. and be gracious unto me in the matter of my seed) and honour my offspring with repentance and islam, for 'abd al-rahman was not a muslim by then; he became muslim later. (lo! i have turned unto thee repentant, and lo! i am of those who surrender (unto thee)) following their religion.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī
تفسير : and we have enjoined man to be kind (husnan: a variant reading has ihsānan), that is to say, we have commanded him to act kindly towards both of them (thus ihsānan is in the accusative as a verbal noun, because of the implied verbal action; the same applies to husnan) to his parents. his mother carries him in travail, and gives birth to him in travail, that is to say, with suffering; and his gestation and his weaning, from suckling, take thirty months, six months being the minimum period for gestation, the remainder being the maximum period of suckling; it is also said that, regardless of whether she bore him for six or nine months, she should suckle him for the remainder. so that (hattā is a [particle of] purpose for an implied sentence, that is to say, wa-‘āsha hattā, ‘and he lived on so that …’) when he is mature, namely, at his prime in terms of his strength, intellect and reasoning, the minimum [age] for which is thirty or thirty three years, and reaches forty years, that is, exactly [forty years], which is the maximum for [attaining] maturity, he says, ‘my lord!, [this] to the end [of this verse] was revealed regarding abū bakr al-siddīq, when he had reached forty years of age, two years after the [beginning of the] prophet’s mission (s). he [abū bakr] believed in him, whereafter his parents believed [in the prophet], followed by his son ‘abd al-rahmān, then ‘abd al-rahmān’s son abū ‘atīq [muhammad b. ‘abd al-rahmān]. inspire me to give thanks for your favour with which you have favoured me and my parents, namely, [the grace of] affirming [god’s] oneness, and that i may act righteously in a way that will please you, thus he [abū bakr] emancipated nine believers who had been enduring torture [at the hands of the idolaters] for [their belief in] god, and invest my seed with righteousness, all of them were believers. indeed i repent to you and i am truly of those who submit [to you]’.
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi
تفسير : (…till, when he attaineth full strength and reacheth forty years…) [46:15].
'ata' reported that ibn 'abbas said: “this verse was revealed about abu bakr al-siddiq, may allah be well pleased with him. he had travelled with the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace - when he was eighteen years old and the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, was twenty - to syria for trade. when they reached a place where there was a lotus tree, the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, sat under the shade of this tree while abu bakr went to a monk nearby to ask him about religion. the monk then asked abu bakr: 'who is that man under the shade of the lotus?' abu bakr said: 'he is muhammad ibn 'abd allah ibn 'abd al-muttalib'. the monk said: 'by allah, he is a prophet. no one sat under the shade of this tree after jesus, son of mary, except muhammad the prophet of allah'. at that moment, certainty and faith entered abu bakr's heart. he accompanied the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, everywhere whether in travel or in mecca. when the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, was sent as a prophet at the age of forty, abu bakr who was then thirty-eight embraced islam and believed in the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace. when abu bakr reached forty, he prayed (my lord! arouse me that i may give thanks for the favour wherewith thou hast favoured me…)”.
Sahl al-Tustari
تفسير : …[so that] he may say: ‘lord, inspire me to be truly grateful for the favour with which you have blessed me…’he said:that is, ‘inspire me to repent and do works of obedience.’his words:
‘…invest my offspring with righteousness…’he said:‘make them your true servants and faithful heirs for me.’his words:
