Verse. 583

٤ - ٱلنِّسَاء

4 - An-Nisa

اِلَّا الَّذِيْنَ يَصِلُوْنَ اِلٰى قَوْمٍؚبَيْنَكُمْ وَبَيْنَھُمْ مِّيْثَاقٌ اَوْ جَاۗءُوْكُمْ حَصِرَتْ صُدُوْرُھُمْ اَنْ يُّقَاتِلُوْكُمْ اَوْ يُقَاتِلُوْا قَوْمَھُمْ۝۰ۭ وَلَوْ شَاۗءَ اللہُ لَسَلَّطَھُمْ عَلَيْكُمْ فَلَقٰتَلُوْكُمْ۝۰ۚ فَاِنِ اعْتَزَلُوْكُمْ فَلَمْ يُقَاتِلُوْكُمْ وَاَلْقَوْا اِلَيْكُمُ السَّلَمَ۝۰ۙ فَمَا جَعَلَ اللہُ لَكُمْ عَلَيْہِمْ سَبِيْلًا۝۹۰
Illa allatheena yasiloona ila qawmin baynakum wabaynahum meethaqun aw jaookum hasirat sudooruhum an yuqatilookum aw yuqatiloo qawmahum walaw shaa Allahu lasallatahum AAalaykum falaqatalookum faini iAAtazalookum falam yuqatilookum waalqaw ilaykumu alssalama fama jaAAala Allahu lakum AAalayhim sabeelan

English

Ahmed Ali

Except those who take refuge with a people allied to you, or those who, weary of fighting you or their people, come over to you. If God had so willed He would surely have given them power over you, and they would have fought you. If they keep aloof and do not fight, and offer peace, God has left you no reason to fight them.

90

Tafseer

'Abdullāh Ibn 'Abbās / Muḥammad al-Fīrūzabādī

تفسير : allah then made an exception, saying: (except those) among the ten men who fled to mecca (who seek refuge with a people) i.e. the people of hilal ibn 'uwaymir al-aslami (between whom and you there is a covenant) a pact and peace, (or (those who)) the people of hilal (come unto you because their hearts forbid them to make war) they come to you because they are annoyed at the huge cost they have to pay due to this pact (on you or make war on their own folk) due to their ties of kinship. (had allah willed he could have given them power over you) i.e. the people of hilal ibn 'uwaymir (so that assuredly they would have fought you) together with their people upon the conquest of mecca. (so, if they hold aloof from you and wage not war against you) upon the conquest of mecca (and offer you peace) they submit to you through peace and honouring the pact they made, (allah alloweth you no way against them) he does not give you any excuse for killing them.

Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī

تفسير : except those who attach themselves to, [who] seek refuge with, a people between whom and you there is a covenant, a pledge of security for them and for whoever attaches himself to them, in the manner of the prophet’s (s) covenant with hilāl b. ‘uwaymir al-aslamī; or, those who, come to you with their breasts constricted, dejected, about the prospect of fighting you, [being] on the side of their people, or fighting their people, siding with you, in other words, [those who come to you] refraining from fighting either you or them, then do not interfere with them, neither taking them as captives nor slaying them: this statement and what follows was abrogated by the ‘sword’ verse. had god willed, to give them sway over you, he would have given them sway over you, by strengthening their hearts, so that assuredly they would have fought you: but god did not will it and so he cast terror into their hearts. and so if they stay away from you and do not fight you, and offer you peace, reconciliation, that is, [if] they submit, then god does not allow you any way against them, [he does not allow you] a means to take them captive or to slay them.

Sahl al-Tustari

تفسير : …or those who come to you with their breasts constricted… that is, ‘they have become sick at heart because of fighting you and fighting their people, due to their love of safety, and their inclination towards their own well-being (ʿāfiya).’ this refers to the banū madlaj. his words: