'Abdullāh Ibn 'Abbās / Muḥammad al-Fīrūzabādī
تفسير : (and surely, we gave unto moses the scripture) the torah (and we caused a train of messengers to follow after him) to come after him in succession, (and we gave unto jesus son of mary clear proofs) commands, prohibitions, wondrous things and signs, (and we supported him) strengthened and helped him (with the holy spirit) with gabriel, the purified. (is it ever so, that, when there cometh unto you) o group of jews (a messenger with that which ye yourselves desire not) which does not agree with your hearts and religion, (ye grow arrogant) you disdain believing in him. (and some ye disbelieve) you disbelieve in a group of them, namely muhammad and jesus, allah bless them and give them peace (and some ye slay?) and some you killed, namely, john the baptist and zachariah.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī
تفسير : and we gave moses the scripture, the torah, and after him we sent successive messengers, that is, we sent them one after another, and we gave jesus son of mary the clear proofs, that is, the miracles of bringing the dead back to life and healing the blind and the leper, and we confirmed him, we strengthened him, with the holy spirit (the expression rūh al-qudus is an example of annexing [in a genitive construction] the noun described to the adjective [qualifying it], in other words, al-rūh al-muqaddasa), that is, gabriel, [so described] on account of his [jesus’s] sanctity; he would accompany him [jesus] wherever he went; still you refuse to be upright, and whenever there came to you a messenger, with what your souls did not desire, [did not] like, in the way of truth, you became arrogant, you disdained to follow him (istakbartum, ‘you became arrogant’, is the response to the particle kullamā, ‘whenever’, and constitutes the interrogative, and is meant as a rebuke); and some, of them, you called liars, such as jesus, and some you slay?, such as zachariah and john (the present tenses [of these verbs] are used to narrate the past events [as though they were events in the present], in other words, ‘[and some] you slew’).
Sahl al-Tustari
تفسير : …and confirmed him with the holy spirit… he replied:the holy (al-quddūs) refers to god, that is, the one who is sanctified above having children, partners or a spouse.
