Being a master

'Ali ibn Talib reported that when the illness of the Prophet, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, deepened, he said, "'Ali! Bring mea page on which I can write something for my community after which theywill not go astray." 'Ali said, "I feared that he would die before I coulddo that, so I said, 'I will remember better than the paper.' His head wasbetween my forearm and my leg. He recommended the prayer, zakat and kindtreatment of slaves. he spoke like that until he died." He commanded himto testify, "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.Anyone who testifies to that is saved from the Fire."

'Abdullah reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "Respond to invitations. Do not reject gifts. Do not beatMuslims."

'Ali reported that the last words of the Prophet, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, were:
"The prayer! The prayer! Fear Allah concerningyour slaves!"

Abu'd-Darda' used to say to people. "We know you better than theveterinarian knows his animals. We recognise the best of you from the worstof you. The best of you is the one whose good is hoped for and the onewhose evil you are safe from. As for the worst of you, that is the personwhose good is not hoped for and whose evil you are not safe from and hedoes not free slaves."

Abu Umama said, "Ingratitude is typified by someone who refusesto give, lives alone, and beats his slave."

Al-Hasan reported that a man ordered one of his slaves to drawwater using one of his camels and the man fell asleep. The master camewith a torch and put it in his face and the slave fell into the well. Inthe morning, the slave went to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and 'Umar saw whathad happened to his slave and therefore 'Umar set him free."

'Amra reported that 'A'isha had made one of her slavegirls a mudabbar(one who would be set free after her death). Then 'A'isha became ill andher nephews consulted a gypsy doctor. He said, "You are asking me for informationabout a bewitched woman. A slavegirl of hers has bewitched her." 'A'ishawas told and asked the girl, "Have you put a spell on me?" "Yes," she replied."Why?' she asked. "Because you will never free me," she answered. Then'A'isha said, "Sell her to the worst masters among the Arabs."

Abu Umama said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, came with two slaves and gave one of them to 'Ali and said, 'Donot beat him. I have forbidden beating the people of the prayer and I sawhim praying before we came.' He gave Abu Dharr a slave and said, "I recommendthat you treat him well,' so Abu Dharr set him free. He said, 'What haveyou done?' He replied, 'You commanded me to treat him well, so I set himfree.'"

Anas said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,came to Madina without any servant. Abu Talha took my hand and broughtme to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Prophetof Allah!' This is Anas, a clever and intelligent boy. Let him serve him.'"Anas said, "I served him when he was at home and on journeys from the time he came to Madina until he died, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He never said to me about anything I had done, 'Why did you do this?' nor did he say to me about something I had not done, 'Why did you not do such-and-such?'"

Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "When a slave steals, sell him, even fora half an awqiya."

Laqit ibn Sabira reported that his father said, "I went to theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when a shepherd had drivena lamp into the evening pasture. The Prophet, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, 'Do not suppose that we have a hundred sheep and do notwant to give you more than only a lamb. When the shepherd brought the lamb,we sacrificed a sheep in its place.'"Laqit said, "Part of what he said is, 'Do not beat your wife as you would beat your slavegirl. When you wash your nose, snuff up water freely unless you are fasting.'"

Abu'l-'Aliyya said, "We were ordered to finish off things for theservant and to measure and count because we did not want to allow themto accustom themselves to bad habits nor for anyone to think evil of us."

Salman said, "I count the soup bones for my slave, fearing people'sopinion."

same as 168.

Yazid ibn 'Abdullah said, "'Abdullah ibn 'Umar sent a slave ofhis with some gold - or silver - and he changed it and deferredthe exchange (i.e. he changed gold into silver or vice versa and did nottake the money straightaway. This is haram.) Then he went back to Ibn 'Umarwho gave him a painful beating. He said, 'Go and take what is mine anddo not exchange it!'"

Abu Mas'ud said, "I was beating a slave of mine when I heard avoice behind me, 'Know, Abu Mas'ud, that Allah is able to call you to accountfor this slave.' I turned around and there was the Messenger of Allah,may Allah bless him and grant him peace. I said, 'Messenger of Allah, heis free for the sake of Allah!' He said, 'If you had not done that, theFire would have touched you (or the Fire would have burned you).'"

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "Do not say, 'May Allah make your face ugly.'"

Abu Hurayra said, "Do not say, 'May Allah make your face ugly andany face like your face.' Allah Almighty created Adam, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, in the form that He ordained."

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "When one of you strikes his servant, let him avoidhis face."

Jabir said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,passed by an animal which had been branded and its nostrils were smoking.The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Allah cursesany person who does this. No one should mark the face nor strike it.'"

Hilal ibn Yasaf said, "We used to sell linen in the house of Suwaydibn Muqarrin. A slavegirl came out and said something to one of the menand that man slapped her. Suwayd ibn Muqarrin asked him, 'Did you slapher face? We were seven and we only had a single servant. Then one of usslapped her and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, orderedhim to set her free.'"

Ibn 'Umar said, "I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, say, 'The expiation for someone who slaps his slave or beatshim more than he deserves is to set him free.'"

Mu'awiya ibn Muqarrin said, "I slapped a mawla of mine and he fled.Then my father called me and said, 'I will tell you a story. We, the sonsof Muqarrin, were seven, and we had one servant. Then one of us slappedher and that was mentioned to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace. He said, 'Order them to set her free.' The Prophet,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was told. 'She is the only servantthey have.' He said, 'Then let them hire her and when they no longer needher, let her go on her way.'"

Shu'ba said, "Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir said to me, 'What is yourname?' I replied, 'Shu'ba.' He said, 'Abu Shu'ba related to me that whenSuwayd ibn Muqarrin al-Muzani saw a man strike his slave, he said. 'Doyou not know that the face is forbidden? In the time of the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, we were seven brothersand we only had one servant. Then one of us slapped him (sic.) and theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, commanded that we sethim free.'"

Abu 'Umar Zadhan said, "We were with Ibn 'Umar when he summoneda slave of his whom he had beaten and he uncovered his back. 'Does it hurt?'he asked. 'No,' he replied. Then he set him free. He picked up a stickfrom the ground and then said, 'I do not have a reward (for him) worthas much as this stick.' I asked, 'Abu 'Abdu'r-Rahman, why do you say this?'He replied, 'I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,say, "The expiation of someone who beats a slave more than he deservesor slaps his face is that he must set him free."'"

'Ammar ibn Yasir said, "None of you beats his slave unjustly withoutthe slave receiving retaliation from him on the Day of Rising."

Abu Layla said, "Salman went out and when his animal fodder fellfrom the manger, he told his servant, 'If it were not that I fear retaliation,I would make you hurt (i.e. by beating you)."

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "Give people their rights. Even the hornless sheepwill take retaliation from the horned sheep."

Umm Salama reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, was in his house and called for a slave of his (or hers) andshe was slow in coming. The anger showed in his face. Umm Salama went tothe curtain and found the slavegirl playing. He had a siwak-stick withhim and said, '"Were it not that I fear retaliation on the Day of Risingwith this siwak."

Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "On the Day of Rising, retaliation willbe taken from anyone who gives a beating."

same as 185.

'Ubada ibn al-Walid said, "My father and I went out to seek knowledgefrom the Ansar in this area before they died. The first one we met wasAbu'l-Yasar, the Companion of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, who had one of his slaves with him. Abu'l-Yasar was wearing onestriped robe and one mu'afiri robe and his slave was also wearing one stripedrobe and one mu'afiri robe. I said to him, 'Uncle! Why don't you take yourslave's striped robe and give him your mu'afiri robe, or take his mu'afirirobe and give him your striped robe? Then he would have a complete outfitand you would have a complete outfit.' He wiped his head and said, 'O Allah,bless him in it! Nephew, these two eyes of mine have seen and these twoears of mine have heard and my heart has retained,' and he pointed towardshis heart, 'that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said, "Feed themfrom what you yourself eat and clothe them from the clothesyou yourself wear." It is easier for me to give him the goods of this worldthan to have my good actions taken away from me on the Day of Rising.'"

Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, advised that slaves should be well-treated. He said, 'Feedthem from what you eat and clothe them from what you wear. Do not punishwhat Allah has created.'"

Al-Ma'rur ibn Suwayd said, "I saw Abu Dharr wearing a robe andhis slave was also wearing a robe. We asked him about that and he said,'I insulted a man and he complained about me to the Prophet, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said to me, 'Did you insult him by his mother?' 'Yes,'I replied. He said, 'Your brothers are your property. Allah has put themunder your authority. If someone has his brother under his authority, heshould feed him from what he eats and clothe him from what he wears andnot burden him with anything that will be too much for him. If you burdenhim with what will be too much for him, then help him.'"

Sallam ibn 'Amr reported from one of the Companions of the Prophet,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Your slaves are your brothers,so treat him well. Ask for their help in what is too much for you and helpthem in what is too much for them."

Abu Hurayra said, 'Help the worker in his work. The one who worksfor Allah will not be disappointed," i.e. the servant.

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "The slave has his food and clothing. Do not burdena slave with work which he is incapable of doing."

Same as 192.

Ma'rur said, "We passed by Abu Dharr and he was wearing a garmentand his slave had a robe on. We said, 'Why do you not take this and givethis man something else instead of the robe?' He replied that the Prophet,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Allah has put your brothersunder your authority. If someone has his brother under his authority, heshould feed him from what he eats and clothe him from what he wears andnot burden him with what will be too much for him. If he burdens him withwhat will be too much for him, he should help him.'"

Al-Miqdam heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, say, "What you feed yourself is sadaqa. What you feed yourchild, your wife and your servant is sadaqa."

Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "The best sadaqa is that which leavesyou free of want. The upper hand is better than the lower hand. Begin withthose you look after. Your wife says, 'Spend on me or divorce me.' Yourslave says, 'Spend on me or sell me.' Your child asks, 'On whom can werely?'"

Abu Hurayra said, "The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, commanded sadaqa. A man said, 'I have a dinar.' He said,'Spend it on yourself.' He said, 'I have another.' He said, 'Spend it onyour wife.' He said, 'I have another.' He said, 'Spend it on your servantand then on whomever you see fit.'"

Ibn Jurayj related that Abu'z-Zubayr heard him ask Jabir aboutwhen a man's servant has finished his work and heat (i.e. cooking). Didthe Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, command that theservant be invited to eat? "Yes," he replied. If one of you dislikes tohave his servant eat with him, he should give him his food by his own hand.'"

Jabir ibn 'Abdullah said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, advised that slaves be well treated. He said,'Feed them from what you eat and clothe them from what you wear and donot punish Allah's creation.'"

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "When one of your servants brings you food, he shouldsit with him. If you do not accept that, then you should give it to him.'"

Abu Mahdhura said, "I was sitting with 'Umar when Safwan ibn Umayyabrought him a bowl which some people were carrying in a robe. They setit down in front of 'Umar. 'Umar then invited some poor people and someslaves belonging to the people around him and they ate with him. Then heaid, 'Allah will do a people - or else he said, 'Allah will curse apeople' - who dislike having their slaves eat with them.' Safwan said,'By Allah, we do not dislike them, but we prefer ourselves to them, andby Allah, we do not find good food which we can eat and feed it to themas well.'"

'Abdullah ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, said, "When the slave advises his masterand is assiduous in the worship of his Lord, he receives a double reward."

Salih ibn Hayy reported that a man said to 'Amir ash-Shu'bi, "Abu'Amr! We say that when a man frees his umm walad and then marries her,he is like the one who rides his camel." 'Amir said, "Abu Burda relatedto me from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace, said to them:
'Three have a double reward: one ofthe People of the Book who believes in his Prophet and then believes inMuhammad has two rewards. When a slave carries out the due of Allah andthe due of his master, he has a double reward. And (the third is) a manwho has a slavegirl with whom he has intercourse and teaches her well andinstructs her well and then sets her free and marries her. He has two rewards.'"

Abu Musa reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "The slave who is excellent in the worshipof his Lord and fulfils the duties of obedience and counsel which he owesto his master, has two rewards."

Abu Burda reported from his father that the Messenger of Allah,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "The slave has two rewardswhen he carries out Allah's due in worship (or he said that he is excellentin his worship) and the right of his owner who owns him."

Ibn 'Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "All of you are shepherds and each of youis responsible for his flock. The amir of a people is a shepherd and heis responsible for his flock. A man is the shepherd of the people of hishouse and he is responsible for his flock. A man's slave is the shepherdof his master's property and he is responsible for it. Each of you is ashepherd and each of you is responsible for his flock."

Abu Hurayra said, "When a slave obeys his master, he has obeyedAllah Almighty. When he rebels against his master, he rebels against AllahAlmighty."

Abu Hurayra reported that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "When the Muslim slave performs the dueof Allah and the due of his master, he will have two rewards."

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "None of you should say, 'My slave ('abdi)'or 'my slavegirl (amati)' All of you are slaves of Allah and allof your women are slaves of Allah. Rather you should say, 'My boy (ghulami)',my slavegirl (jariyyati)', 'my lad (fatayi)' or 'my girl(fatati).'"

Abu Hurayra reported that the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "None of you should say 'my slave ('abdioramati)' and a slave should not say, 'my lord (rabbi orrabbati)'.They should say, 'my boy' or 'my girl' (fatayi andfatati)and 'my master' or 'mistress' (sayyidi andsayyidati)'. Allof you are slaves, and the Lord is Allah, Almighty and Exalted."

Mutarrif reported that his father said, "I went in the delegationof the Banu 'Amir to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.They said, 'You are our master.' He said, 'The Master is Allah.' They said,'The best of us in excellence and the greatest of us in generosity.' Hesaid, 'Say what you like, but do not let Shaytan provoke you.'"