'Abdullāh Ibn 'Abbās / Muḥammad al-Fīrūzabādī
تفسير : (and as for those who chose) built (a place of worship) the reference here is to 'abdullah ibn ubayy, jadd ibn qays, mu'attib ibn qushayr and their friends, who were about 17 in number, (out of opposition) out of harm for the believers (and disbelief) in their hearts; standing firm in their disbelief, i.e. hypocrisy, (and in order to cause dissent among the believers) such that a party of the believers performed their prayers in their mosque and a party in the mosque of the messenger, (and as an outpost) waiting (for those who warred against allah and his messenger) for those who disbelieved in allah and his messenger (aforetime) before them, referring here to abu 'amir, the monk, whom the prophet (pbuh) called a sinner [fasiq], (they will surely swear: we purposed) by building the mosque (naught save good) save good for the believers so that those who miss the prayer in quba' mosque can pray therein. (allah beareth witness) allah knows (that they verily are liars) in their oaths.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī
تفسير : and, among them, those who have chosen a mosque — these were twelve men from among the hypocrites — by way of harm, to cause distress for those of the mosque of qubā’, and disbelief, since they built it on the orders of the monk abū ‘Āmir, as a sanctuary for him, so that whoever comes from his side may stay there: he had gone to the byzantine emperor (qaysar) to bring troops to fight against the prophet (s), and to cause division among the believers, who pray in the mosque of qubā’, by having some of these pray in their [the hypocrites’] mosque, and as an outpost, an observation post, for those who waged war against god and his messenger before, that is, before it was built — meaning the above-mentioned abū ‘Āmir — they will swear: ‘we desired nothing, by building it, but, to do, good’, by way of kindness towards the poor in times of [heavy] rain or [extreme] heat and in order to provide [a place of worship] for the muslims; and god bears witness that they are truly liars, in this [claim of theirs]. they had asked the prophet (s) to perform prayers in it, and so the following was revealed:
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi
تفسير : (and as for those who chose a place of worship out of opposition and disbelief, and in order to cause dissent among the believers, and as an outpost for those who warred against allah and his messenger aforetime, they will surely swear: we purposed naught save good. allah beareth witness that they verily are liars. never stand (to pray) there…) [9:107-108].
the commentators of the qur'an said: “the banu 'amr ibn 'awf built a mosque at quba' and sent for the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, to come to them. he went there and prayed in that mosque. their brothers from the banu ghunm ibn 'awf envied them resentfully and said: 'let us built a mosque and send for the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, to pray in it as he prayed in the mosque of our brothers, and let abu 'amir al-rahib (the monk) also pray in it when he comes back from syria'. this abu 'amir had embraced christianity and became a monk in the pre-islamic period. but when the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, moved to medina, abu 'amir rejected the religion of islam and showed enmity toward it. the prophet, allah bless him and give him peace, called him then abu 'amir al-fasiq (the corrupt) [instead of abu 'amir al-rahib (the monk)]. abu 'amir left to syria and then sent a letter to the hypocrites in which he wrote: 'prepare yourselves and make ready whatever you can of force and weapons. built a mosque for me, for i am going to the caesar to request him to send with me byzantine soldiers so that i drive out muhammad and his companions'. and so, they built for him a mosque by the quba' mosque. those who built this mosque were 12 men: khidham ibn khalid (this mosque of opposition was an extension of his house), tha'labah ibn hatib, mu'attib ibn qushayr, abu habibah ibn al-az'ar, 'abbad ibn hunayf, jariyah ibn 'amir, his two sons majma' and zayd, nabtal ibn harith, bahzaj ibn 'uthman, bijad ibn 'uthman and wadi'ah ibn thabit. when they finished building this mosque, they went to the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, and said: 'we have built a mosque for the sick and the needy and also for use in rainy and wintry nights, and we would like you to come and pray in it'. he called for his gown, intending to wear it and go with them when the qur'an was revealed to him and allah, glorious and majestic is he, informed him about the mosque of opposition and what they were about to do. the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, called malik ibn al-dukhshum, ma'n ibn 'adiyy, 'amir ibn al-sakan and wahshiyy, the killer of hamzah and said to them: 'go to this mosque whose builders have transgressed, destroy it and burn it down'. malik proceeded with enflamed palm leaves, entered the mosque while its people were inside it, burnt it down and destroyed it. its people dispersed [to avoid being burnt]. then the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, commanded that that place be used as a garbage spot where carrion, dirt and refuse are thrown”. abu 'amir died in syria alone, a stranger.
muhammad ibn ibrahim ibn muhammad ibn yahya informed us> abu'l-'abbas ibn isma'il ibn 'abd allah ibn mikal> 'abd allah ibn ahmad ibn musa al-ahwazi> isma'il ibn zakariyya> dawud ibn al-zibriqan> sakhr ibn juwayriyah> 'a'ishah bint sa'd ibn abi waqqas> sa'd ibn abi waqqas who said: “the hypocrites built a mosque so that it stands comparable to the mosque of quba' which was close to it and wanted abu 'amir al-rahib to be their imam once he came back [from syria]. when they finished building it, they went to the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, and said: 'o messenger of allah, we have built a mosque, so come and pray in it so that we take it as a place of prayer'. he grabbed his gown, intending to leave with them, when this verse (never stand (to pray) there…) was revealed”.
