La yattakhithi almuminoona alkafireena awliyaa min dooni almumineena waman yafAAal thalika falaysa mina Allahi fee shayin illa an tattaqoo minhum tuqatan wayuhaththirukumu Allahu nafsahu waila Allahi almaseeru
English
Ahmed Ali
Those who believe should not take unbelievers as their friends in preference to those who believe -- and whoever does so should have no (expectations) of God -- unless to safeguard yourselves against them. But God commands you to beware of Him, for to God you will journey in the end.
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Tafseer
'Abdullāh Ibn 'Abbās / Muḥammad al-Fīrūzabādī
تفسير : (let not the believers take) the believers ought not to take [the hypocrites:] 'abdullah ibn ubayy and his companions [and] (disbelievers) the jews (for their friends) so as to become mighty and honourable (in preference to believers) who are sincere. (whoso doeth that) seeking might and honour [by taking the hypocrites and disbelievers as friends] (hath no connection with allah) has no honour, mercy or protection from allah (unless (it be) that ye but guard yourselves against them) save yourselves from them, (taking (as it were) security) saving yourselves from them by speaking in a friendly way towards them with, while your hearts dislikes this. (allah bideth you beware (only) of himself) regarding the shunning of unlawful killing, unlawful sex, unlawful property, consuming intoxicants, false testimony and associating partners with allah. (unto allah is the journeying) the return after death.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī
تفسير : let not the believers take the disbelievers as patrons, rather than, that is, instead of, the believers — for whoever does that, that is, [whoever] takes them as patrons, does not belong to, the religion of, god in anyway — unless you protect yourselves against them, as a safeguard (tuqātan, ‘as a safeguard’, is the verbal noun from taqiyyatan), that is to say, [unless] you fear something, in which case you may show patronage to them through words, but not in your hearts: this was before the hegemony of islam and [the dispensation] applies to any individual residing in a land with no say in it. god warns you, he instills fear in you, of his self, [warning] that he may be wrathful with you if you take them as patrons; and to god is the journey’s end, the return, and he will requite you.
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi
تفسير : (let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers…) [3:28].
said ibn 'abbas: “a group of jews including al-hajjaj ibn 'amr, kahmas ibn abi al-huqayq and qays ibn zayd used to keep close company with a group of helpers to try to make them renounce their religion. and so a group of people comprising rifa'ah ibn al-mundhir, 'abd allah ibn jubayr and sa'id ibn khaythamah said to this group of helpers: 'stay away from these jews and beware of keeping their company lest they drive you away from your religion'. the group of helpers refused to stop seeing them or keep their company, and so allah, exalted is he, revealed this verse”.
and al-kalbi said: “this verse was revealed about the hypocrites: 'abd allah ibn ubayy and his companions. they allied themselves with the jews and the idolaters, supplying them with information, hoping that they would have the upper hand over the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace. and so allah, exalted is he, revealed this verse, warning the believers against acting like them”.
juwaybir reported from al-dahhak that ibn 'abbas said: “this verse was revealed about 'ubadah ibn al-samit who was among those who took part in badr and a trusted man. he had allies from among the jews. and when the prophet, allah bless him and give him peace, marched to the battle of the confederates, 'ubadah said: 'o prophet of allah! i have with me five hundred men from the jews, and i am of the opinion to take them with me to impress the enemy. because of this, allah, exalted is he, revealed (let not the believers take disbelievers for their friends in preference to believers)' ”.
Sahl al-Tustari
تفسير : …god warns you to beware of him…he said:that is, [beware of] his justice (ʿadl), because the fire is his justice for the one that disobeys him, and the garden is his favour (faḍl) to the one who obeys him. have you not taken note of the words of the prophet <img border="0" src="images/salatonmassenger.jpg" width="24" height="22"> ‘o you, whose bounty alone is hoped for, and whose justice alone is feared!’?his words:
