'Abdullāh Ibn 'Abbās / Muḥammad al-Fīrūzabādī
تفسير : allah then mentions his promise to the believers on the day of uhud, saying: (allah verily made good his promise unto you) on the day of uhud (when ye routed them) when you killed them at the beginning of the fight (by his leave) by his command and help, (until (the moment) when your courage failed you) to fight against the enemy, (and ye disagreed about the order) you disagreed about the question of war (and ye disobeyed) the prophet by leaving your positions, (after he had shown you that for which ye long) victory and booty. (some of you) some of the archers (desired the world) with their jihad and fighting. this refers to those who abandoned their positions and rushed to gather the booty, (and some of you desired the hereafter) with their jihad and fighting. this refers to 'abdullah ibn jubayr and his fellow believers who remained at their positions until they were killed. (therefore he made you flee from them) defeated and made them triumph over you, (that he might try you) that he might test you with the archers' disobedience. (yet now he hath forgiven you) he did not exterminate you. (allah is a lord of kindness to believers) in that he did not exterminate them, i.e. the archers.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī
تفسير : god has been true to his promise, towards you, of giving you victory, when you slew them by his leave, by his will, until you lost heart, [until] you shrank from battle, and quarrelled, disagreed, over the command, that is, the command of the prophet (s) that you remain at the foot of the mountain for the arrow attack, some of you saying, ‘let us depart, for our comrades have been given victory’, others saying, ‘we should not disobey the command of the prophet (s)’; and you disobeyed, his command, and abandoned your station in search of the booty, after he, god, had shown you what you longed for, of assistance (the response to the [clause containing] idhā is indicated by what precedes it, that is to say, ‘[when you lost heart] he denied you his assistance’). some of you desired this world, abandoning his station for the sake of the booty; and some of you desired the hereafter, holding to it until he was slain, such as ‘abd allāh b. jubayr and his companions. then he turned you away (thumma sarafakum is a supplement to the response of the [clause containing] idhā, implied to be raddakum bi’l-hazīma [‘he turned you back in defeat’]) from them, the disbelievers, so that he might try you, that he might test you and so make manifest the sincere ones from those otherwise; yet now he has pardoned you, what you have done, and god is bounteous to the believers, with pardon.
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi
تفسير : (allah verily made good his promise unto you…) [3:152].
said muhammad ibn ka‘b al-qurazi: “when the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, returned to medina after that with which they were afflicted at uhud, some of his companions said: ‘from whence did this come to us when allah has promised us victory?’ and so allah, exalted is he, revealed this verse (allah verily made good his promise unto you) up to his saying (some of you desired the world…), i.e. the marksmen who did what they did at uhud”.
Sahl al-Tustari
تفسير : …yet now he has pardoned you…this refers to the defeated army on the day of uḥud, when he did not eradicate them all. and god is bounteous to the believers, by his pardoning them and accepting their repentance.his words:
