'Abdullāh Ibn 'Abbās / Muḥammad al-Fīrūzabādī
تفسير : allah then mentioned the harm that the unbelievers inflicted on the prophet and his companions, saying: (assuredly ye will be tried) you will be tested (in your property) by the loss of your property (and in your persons) and in what befalls your persons of sicknesses, pain, killings, beatings and general misfortunes, (and ye will hear much wrong from those who were given the scripture before you) i.e. the jews and christians: you will hear vilification, defamation, lies and false testimony against allah, (and from the idolaters) i.e. the arab idolaters. (but if ye persevere) in the face of their harm (and ward off (evil)) and ward off transgressing against allah while facing such harm, (then that) steadfastness and endurance (is of the steadfast heart of things) is the best of things and the most firm for believers.
Jalāl al-Dīn al-Maḥallī
تفسير : you shall surely be tried (la-tublawunna, the [final] nūn nominative indicator has been omitted because two nūn letters [would otherwise] succeed one another, as has been the plural person indicator wāw where two unvocalised consonants have come together), in other words, you shall surely be tested, in your property, through the duties [imposed] thereupon and through the damages that affect them; and in your selves, through [the obligations of] worship and through calamities, and you shall hear from those who were given the scripture before you, the jews and the christians, and from those who are idolaters, from among the arabs, much hurt, in the way of insult, slander and [their] flirting with your women; but if you are patient, through this, and fear, god — surely that is true resolve, that is, it is one of those things regarding which one must necessarily have firm resolve.
Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi
تفسير : (… and ye will hear much wrong from those who were given the scripture before you, and from the idolaters…) [3:186].
abu muhammad al-hasan ibn muhammad al-farisi informed us> muhammad ibn 'abd allah ibn hamdun> abu hamid ahmad ibn al-hasan> muhammad ibn yahya> abu'l-yaman> shu'ayb> al-zuhri> 'abd al-rahman ibn 'abd allah ibn ka'b ibn malik> his father (one of three men whose repentance was accepted) who reported that ka'b al-ashraf, the jew, was a poet who used his poetry to satirize the prophet, allah bless him and give him peace, and incite the disbelievers of quraysh against him. when the prophet, allah bless him and give him peace, went to medina, he wanted to be in good terms with all its people who were a mixture of muslims, idolaters and jews. the jews and idolaters, however, used to harm him, and his companions, a great deal. allah, exalted is he, commanded his prophet, allah bless him and give him peace, to endure their harm, and it is about them that he, exalted is he, revealed (and ye will hear much wrong from those who were given the scripture before you, and from the idolaters…).
'amr ibn abi 'amr al-muzakki informed us> muhammad ibn makki> muhammad ibn yusuf> muhammad ibn isma'il bukhari> abu'l-yaman> shu'ayb> al-zuhri> 'urwah ibn al-zubayr> usamah ibn zayd who informed him that the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, mounted a donkey once, using a fadakian piece of velvet as a saddlecloth, and had usamah ibn zayd follow behind him. he was going to visit sa'd ibn 'ubadah who was ill, at the banu'l-harith ibn al-khazraj. this was before the battle of badr. he passed by an assembly which included, among others, 'abd allah ibn ubayy. this was before the latter had accepted islam. this assembly included a mixture of muslims, jews and idolaters, the worshippers of idols. 'abd allah ibn rawahah was also in this assembly. when the cloud of dust, stirred by the movement of the beast, reached the assembly, 'abd allah ibn ubayy covered his nose with his cloak and said: “do not cover us with dust”. the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, greeted them with the greeting of peace, stopped and climbed down his mount. he called them to allah and recited to them some of the qur'an. then 'abd allah ibn ubayy said: “o man, there is nothing more beautiful than what you had just said. and if it is true, we ask you not to annoy us in these assemblies of ours. go back to your camp, and if somebody comes to you, then relate it to him”. 'abd allah ibn rawahah then said: “no, indeed, come and tell us about it in our own assemblies for we love it”. the muslims, idolaters and jews then started to throw insults at each others until they were on the verge of assaulting one another. the prophet, allah bless him and give him peace, kept calming them until they stopped. he then mounted his beast and headed toward sa'd ibn 'ubadah. when he entered in on him, he said: “o sa'd, did you not hear what abu hubab (he meant 'abd allah ibn ubayy) said. he said this and that”. sa'd ibn 'ubadah said: “o messenger of allah, forgive him. for by him who has revealed the scripture, allah has brought the truth which he revealed to you, and the people of this city had reconciled and come together to support it as one solid bloc. and so when allah has driven away the enmity which existed between people by means of the truth which he bestowed upon you, his authority waned and this is why he said what he said”. upon hearing this, the messenger of allah, allah bless him and give him peace, forgave him. allah, exalted is he, then revealed (and ye will hear much wrong from those who were given the scripture before you, and from the idolaters…).
